A recent Ipsos survey, conducted from September 13 to 27, 2024, reveals a mixed but critical perspective on democracy across eight Western nations, shedding light on growing discontent, stark disparities, and an overwhelming demand for reform. While citizens remain committed to the core principles of democracy, they express dissatisfaction with its current functioning and call for transformative changes to make it more inclusive and representative.

This WordPress blog delves into the findings, exploring key themes such as dissatisfaction with democratic institutions, the role of local governance, perceptions of NATO and the European Union, and the widening gap between citizens and elites.

Widespread Discontent with Democracy

Despite a slight improvement since 2023, dissatisfaction with democratic systems persists across most surveyed countries. The French lead in discontent, with 74% stating that democracy has deteriorated over the past five years. Similarly, 55% of French citizens express dissatisfaction with their democratic institutions—a 4% increase from 2023.

In stark contrast, Sweden stands out as the sole nation where a majority (68%) express satisfaction with their democratic system. At the other end of the spectrum, only 18% of Croatians feel the same. Notably, Poland has seen improved perceptions following a political shift in autumn 2023.

Mathieu Gallard, Research Director at Ipsos, underscores the findings:

“Citizens are dissatisfied with the actions of political leaders and institutions, yet they strongly support the principles of democracy. What they want is systemic reform that amplifies their voices and aligns policies with their needs.”

The Role of Local Governance in Bridging Democratic Gaps

Local and regional authorities emerge as the most trusted democratic institutions in the survey.

• 71% of French citizens and 64% of Dutch citizens feel well-represented by local governments.
• Satisfaction with regional governance is also relatively high, with 57% of Dutch and 54% of French citizens expressing trust in regional authorities.
• In comparison, national and supranational governance receives lower satisfaction ratings.

Interestingly, the European Union surpasses national governments in perceived effectiveness. For example, 50% of citizens in France, Poland, and the Netherlands feel their interests are better represented by the EU.

NATO and the EU: Champions of Democracy

The survey highlights growing support for NATO and the European Union as defenders of democracy:

• Support for NATO surged in Poland (57%, +11 points) and Sweden (49%, +11 points), reflecting regional concerns over Russian aggression.
• However, support for NATO remains tepid in southern Europe, with only 21% of Spaniards and 18% of Italians viewing it favorably.
• Perceptions of the EU as a defender of democracy also improved significantly in Poland (45%, +20 points) and France (32%, +12 points).

A Call for Radical Democratic Reforms

The survey reveals a widespread belief that current democratic systems favor economic and political elites at the expense of ordinary citizens. This sentiment is particularly pronounced in Croatia (77%), Italy (60%), and France (57%).

Across several nations, citizens demand radical reforms:

• 70% of Croatians, 63% of Poles, and 56% of both French and Italians favor systemic overhauls.
• In contrast, countries like the United States, Spain, the Netherlands, and Sweden lean toward gradual or limited reforms.

Citizens are also engaging in alternative forms of political participation:

• 31.6% sign petitions
• 27.9% boycott products
• 16.5% express opinions on social media
• 10.3% participate in demonstrations

Positive Views on the European Union Coupled with Calls for Change

The European Union enjoys strong support in countries like Poland and Sweden, where over half of respondents view it favorably. However, nearly 46% of respondents across all countries believe the EU needs to reform its operations to better serve its citizens. Italians (53%) and French citizens (49%) lead this call for change.

While skepticism exists, outright opposition to the EU remains minimal, even among those advocating for reform.

The Path Forward: Reform and Engagement

Ipsos’ “State of Democracy” study underscores a clear message: citizens remain committed to democratic principles but demand significant changes to restore trust and efficacy. The emphasis on local governance, support for NATO and the EU, and the desire for systemic reforms highlight areas for policymakers to address.

As discontent grows, it is crucial for governments and institutions to bridge the gap between elites and citizens, embrace reforms, and ensure that democracy remains inclusive, representative, and responsive to the needs of all.

For more insights, download the full Ipsos “State of Democracy” report here.

About the Study

Conducted from September 13 to 27, 2024, the Ipsos survey engaged 7,608 individuals across eight Western nations, including Croatia, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and the United States. Using the Ipsos KnowledgePanel®, the survey represents a diverse and nationally representative sample of participants aged 18 and older.

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